From the discussion above, it should be clear that in a world populated by humans and robots, issues arise that go beyond engineering and technology due to the impact resulting from the use of robots in various application scenarios. The anthropization of robots cannot ignore the resolution of those ethical, legal,sociological, economic (ELSE) problems that have so far slowed their spread in our society.

The final book of the Robotics Goes MOOC project enlightens the impact of using robotic technology in the main fields of application, namely, industrial robots as in Chapter 1 by Bischoff et al, medical robotics as in Chapter 2 by Dario et al, aerial robots as in Chapter 3 by Ollero et al, orbital robotics as in Chapter 4 by Lampariello, underwater robots in Chapter 5 by Antonelli, and rescue robots as in Chapter 6 by Murphy. The last part is devoted to the open dilemma of using and accepting robots in human co-habited environments which is addressed in Chapter 7 on social robotics by Pandey and the very final chapter by Tamburrini on the important issues raised with roboethics.

The image on the cover metaphorically illustrates the impact paradigm of robotics through a hand holding bitten an apple.