Particle dynamics in magnetic traps.- 1. Introduction. Budker¿s problem.- 2. Choice of unperturbed system.- 3. A few examples.- 4. Adiabatic perturbation.- 5. Insignificant effect of perturbation.- 6. Nonlinear resonances.- 7. Resonant ay ?¿.- 8. Mapping.- 9. Standard mapping.- 10. Limit of global stability.- 11. Local diffusion.- 12. Dynamic correlations.- 13. Global diffusion.- 14. Cohen¿s mapping.- 15. Remarks on adiabatic invariance.- References.- Transport processes in axisymmetric open traps.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Plasma equilibrium.- 3. Drift motion of charged particles in open traps.- 4. Neoclassical transport in open traps.- 5. Resonant stochastic transport in open traps.- Appendix 1.- Appendix 2.- Appendix 3.- Appendix 4.- Appendix 5.- References.- Classical longitudinal plasma losses from open adiabatic traps.- 1. Basic principles of plasma confinement in simple mirror traps.- 2. Electron confinement in simple mirror traps..- 3. Ion confinement in simple mirror traps.- 4. Traps with improved longitudinal plasma confinement.- References.- Spectral-line broadening in a plasma.- 1. General equations for the intensity distribution in a line.- 2. Plasma microfield.- 3. Line-broadening mechanisms in a plasma. Character of atom interaction with a plasma microfield.- 4. Static theory and its generalizations.- 5. Impact theory of broadening by particles and waves.- 6. Transition from the impact to the static broadening mechanism.- 7. Comparison of theory with experiment. Conclusions.- References.- Electron cyclotron plasma heating in tokamaks.- 1. Electromagnetic waves in the region of electron-cyclotron resonance frequencies.- 2. Electron-cyclotron resonance in a homogeneous plasma with allowance for the thermal motion of the electrons.- 3. Poynting vector and energy absorption in cyclotron resonance.- 4. Accessibility of resonances in a tokamak.- 5. Cyclotron damping of waves in the model of one-dimensional inhomogeneity.- 6. Reflection of waves from a resonance region.- 7. Linear transformation of waves near the upper hybrid resonance.- 8. Eikonal equation in the vicinity of the cyclotron resonance and ray trajectories of waves.- 9. Applicability of geometric optics in the vicinity of cyclotron resonance.- 10. Ray trajectories and wave absorption in tokamaks.- 11. Role of nonlinear effects in electron-cyclotron heating.- References.
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