This compilation presents original study results on the leading edge of neuroscience research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Included in this volume are molecular mechanisms integrating adenylyl cyclase responsiveness to metabolic control on long term emotional memory and associated disorders; homeostatic synaptic plasticity; reorganization of elementary functions (ref) after brain injury and in the intact brain; the effects of acoustic stimulation on comatose patients; the splitting of the brain; the role of mineralocorticoid receptors in major depressive disorder; betaine in the brain; clinical outcome prediction using Bayesian regression and artificial neural networks; pathological changes of event-related brain oscillations in Parkinson's disease; the impact of sub thalamic stimulation on autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.